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USING
YOUR BRAKES
Picture
yourself on a city path. Suddenly, you notice that you're about
to ride down a flight of stairs. Or you're riding on a country road
and there's a bridge out just a few feet in front of you. In cases
like these, your bike's brakes could save your life. But even if
you don't have such a dramatic experience, you'll feel more confident
and go faster if you're ready to stop quickly and smoothly.
It takes practice to get peak performance out of your
brakes. You can't just jam them on and skid to a stop as in a car.
You'd fall off!
Your brakes must be in good condition
to give you the most control. Good bicycle brakes work powerfully
and smoothly. If your brakes are weak or grabby, it's time for an
overhaul. But in addition to good brakes you need to understand
weight transfer and how it affects your stopping.
HOW
WEIGHT TRANSFER WORKS
When you're stopping -- in a car, on a bike or on foot -- your weight
shifts to the front. You see examples of such momentum every day.
When you're running and stop suddenly, you have to put a foot out
in front of yourself to keep from toppling forward. In the same
way, when you stop a car, its front springs squeeze down as more
weight goes to the front wheels.
Your bike doesn't have springs, but
the weight nonetheless goes to the front wheel. Try a little experiment:
Walk along next to your bike. Squeeze the front brake lever. The
bike will stop quickly, but the rear wheel will rise off the ground.
Then squeeze the rear brake lever. Braking will be
weak, and the rear tire will skid.
The same things happen when you're
riding. If you rely too heavily on the rear brake, the rear wheel
will skid and wear out your back tire quickly. On the other hand,
you can go right over the handlebars if you use the front brake
too hard.
How, then, do you get a powerful
stop without risk? There's a trick to learn. Use the rear brake
as a signal to tell you how hard to apply the front brake.
THE
REAR BRAKE'S SIGNAL
Practice on your bike in an empty parking lot. Squeeze the front
lever three times as hard as the rear, while increasing force on
both brake levers at the same time. With your light force on the
rear brake lever, you're braking the rear wheel only lightly.
For a powerful stop, squeeze the
brake levers harder and harder -- the front always three times as
hard as the rear. The rear wheel will eventually skid. But by this
time, most of the weight will be off the rear wheel, so it will
skid only lightly. You won't wear a big bald spot in the rear tire
-- though you will feel and hear the skid.
The rear wheel's skidding is your
signal to release the front brake a little. Once the rear wheel
stops skidding, squeeze the front brake harder. Keep adjusting the
force on the front brake lever to keep the rear wheel just below
the point of skidding.
This is your braking technique for
straight-ahead stops on clean, dry pavement. Under these conditions,
the front wheel will never skid, and you can keep the bike under
control.
You can train yourself to release
the brakes whenever the bike begins to go out of control. Practice
using your front brake so hard that the rear wheel actually lifts
off the ground. At a very low speed, 2 or 3 miles per hour, grab
the front brake lever so hard that the rear wheel lifts off. Then
release the brake lever instantly. Wear your helmet!
BRAKING
UNDER POOR CONDITIONS
Braking technique is different when the road surface is slippery,
or if you're turning. Under these conditions, the front wheel can
skid. You must brake lightly and use the front brake less.
Avoid turning and braking on a slippery
surface. If your front wheel skids out, you'll fall.
On pavement that is good except for a few places, look ahead for
the slippery spots and bumps. Release the brakes as you go over
the bad spots, then increase force again once you're back on good
pavement.
On dirt, gravel or any surface that
looks as though it might be slippery, test the surface by applying
the rear brake lightly. If the rear wheel skids easily, avoid using
the front brake. Keep your speed down so that, even with your reduced
braking power, you can still stop. In wet weather, the streets will
be more slippery and so will your rims. Dry the rims by applying
the brakes ahead of time. It can take 100 feet or more before the
brakes begin to work normally.
When turning, you may have a choice
to swerve out of danger or stop -- but don't try to do both at once.
Practice braking on turns and slippery surfaces to get a feel for
these conditions.
Your training
will pay off as you become more confident on the bike, in all types
of riding situations. You never know when you might have to stop
-- and the better you can stop, the more confidently you go.
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